Catechins — A natural plant compound belonging to the class of polyphenol present in high concentrations in green tea. Catechins like ECGC are potent antioxidants and have been shown to block signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation in human and animal cells.
Cellular context - The perturbation state of the cell, which changes as a function of genetic and environmental alterations. Genetic interaction, and thus genetic buffering, is always measured with respect to cellular context
Chemopreventive Agent – A chemical constituent, drug or food supplement that prevents disease by interrupting deleterious biological reactions or processes.
Chimera - An organism, organ, or part consisting of two or more tissues of different genetic composition, produced as a result of organ transplant, grafting, or genetic engineering.
Chronic disease - A disease that persists for a long time. A chronic disease is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. Eighty-eight percent of Americans over 65 years of age have at least one chronic health condition (as of 1998). Health damaging behaviors - particularly tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and poor eating habits - are major contributors to the leading chronic diseases. From MedicineNet.com.
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) – A uniform set of codes that identify each service, procedure, or supply for diagnosis, symptom, condition, or problem. CPT® Current Procedural Terminology was developed by the American Medical Association in 1966. See also International Classification of Diseases.
Cytochrome P450s – A family of liver enzymes involved in metabolism of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. Data Model - A conceptual framework for the development of a new or enhanced software application. The purpose of data modeling is to develop an accurate model, which may be shown in a graphical representation such as UML, of the information needs and business processes addressed by a particular application or connected set of operations
Dauer - Metabolically dormant larva stage.
Detoxification – Any process that removes a toxin. In biological systems, a process that usually requires enzymes for modifying reactive chemicals. For example, the liver enzyme, NAT2, can detoxify aromatic amines in tobacco smoke.
Diet - The sum total of all the nourishing materials (food, drink and supplements) consumed by an organism. In humans (and most animals), a proper diet requires certain essential vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats. The balance between starvation and obesity depends on the amount of nourishing materials consumed as fuel and the amount of energy expended.
Dietary phytosterols – Plant derived chemicals with a typical ring structure similar to sterols found in animals.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) -The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard was developed for the transmission of images and is used internationally for Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). This standard was developed by the joint committee of the ACR (the American College of Radiology) and NEMA (the National Electrical Manufacturers Association) to meet the needs of manufacturers and users of medical imaging equipment for interconnection of devices on standard networks.
Dosage compensation - Any system that equalizes the amount of product produced by genes present in different numbers. In mammals, it describes the X – inactivation mechanism that ensures equal amounts of X – specific gene activity in XY male and XX female cells.
Dyslipidemia - Abnormal lipid profiles usually characterized by high triglyceride concentrations, low HDL cholesterol, and increased concentrations of small, dense LDL; associated with metabolic disorder such as insulin resistance, obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
Ectopic gene expression - Expression of a gene in a cell where it is typically not expressed.
Cellular context - The perturbation state of the cell, which changes as a function of genetic and environmental alterations. Genetic interaction, and thus genetic buffering, is always measured with respect to cellular context
Chemopreventive Agent – A chemical constituent, drug or food supplement that prevents disease by interrupting deleterious biological reactions or processes.
Chimera - An organism, organ, or part consisting of two or more tissues of different genetic composition, produced as a result of organ transplant, grafting, or genetic engineering.
Chronic disease - A disease that persists for a long time. A chronic disease is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor do they just disappear. Eighty-eight percent of Americans over 65 years of age have at least one chronic health condition (as of 1998). Health damaging behaviors - particularly tobacco use, lack of physical activity, and poor eating habits - are major contributors to the leading chronic diseases. From MedicineNet.com.
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) – A uniform set of codes that identify each service, procedure, or supply for diagnosis, symptom, condition, or problem. CPT® Current Procedural Terminology was developed by the American Medical Association in 1966. See also International Classification of Diseases.
Cytochrome P450s – A family of liver enzymes involved in metabolism of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. Data Model - A conceptual framework for the development of a new or enhanced software application. The purpose of data modeling is to develop an accurate model, which may be shown in a graphical representation such as UML, of the information needs and business processes addressed by a particular application or connected set of operations
Dauer - Metabolically dormant larva stage.
Detoxification – Any process that removes a toxin. In biological systems, a process that usually requires enzymes for modifying reactive chemicals. For example, the liver enzyme, NAT2, can detoxify aromatic amines in tobacco smoke.
Diet - The sum total of all the nourishing materials (food, drink and supplements) consumed by an organism. In humans (and most animals), a proper diet requires certain essential vitamins, minerals, proteins and fats. The balance between starvation and obesity depends on the amount of nourishing materials consumed as fuel and the amount of energy expended.
Dietary phytosterols – Plant derived chemicals with a typical ring structure similar to sterols found in animals.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) -The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard was developed for the transmission of images and is used internationally for Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). This standard was developed by the joint committee of the ACR (the American College of Radiology) and NEMA (the National Electrical Manufacturers Association) to meet the needs of manufacturers and users of medical imaging equipment for interconnection of devices on standard networks.
Dosage compensation - Any system that equalizes the amount of product produced by genes present in different numbers. In mammals, it describes the X – inactivation mechanism that ensures equal amounts of X – specific gene activity in XY male and XX female cells.
Dyslipidemia - Abnormal lipid profiles usually characterized by high triglyceride concentrations, low HDL cholesterol, and increased concentrations of small, dense LDL; associated with metabolic disorder such as insulin resistance, obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
Ectopic gene expression - Expression of a gene in a cell where it is typically not expressed.
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