GLOSSÁRIO
A NUTRIGEÔMICA é uma ciência multidisciplinar
Um dos aspectos mais excitantes da genômica nutricional é a sua natureza multidisciplinar – necessidade de interação e colaboração com especialistas de vários campos de pesquisa. Esta disciplina emergente requer conhecimentos de genômica, nutrição, biologia molecular, epidemiologia, fisiologia, bioinformática, e ética.
No entanto, este é também um grande desafio uma vez que diferentes áreas usam diferentes terminologias, e termos específicos podem não ser claros para os não especialistas.
Abaixo, reproduzimos um glossário de termos utilizados na pesquisa em nutrigenômica por diferentes áreas. O glossário foi desenvolvido pelo Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics, University of California at Davis, para o livro: Nutritional Genomics: Discovering the Path to Personalized Nutrition (Kaput and Rodriguez, eds) Wiley and Sons (2006). A reprodução do glossário para este site foi gentilmente autorizada pelo Dr. Jim Kaput.
A NUTRIGEÔMICA é uma ciência multidisciplinar
Um dos aspectos mais excitantes da genômica nutricional é a sua natureza multidisciplinar – necessidade de interação e colaboração com especialistas de vários campos de pesquisa. Esta disciplina emergente requer conhecimentos de genômica, nutrição, biologia molecular, epidemiologia, fisiologia, bioinformática, e ética.
No entanto, este é também um grande desafio uma vez que diferentes áreas usam diferentes terminologias, e termos específicos podem não ser claros para os não especialistas.
Abaixo, reproduzimos um glossário de termos utilizados na pesquisa em nutrigenômica por diferentes áreas. O glossário foi desenvolvido pelo Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics, University of California at Davis, para o livro: Nutritional Genomics: Discovering the Path to Personalized Nutrition (Kaput and Rodriguez, eds) Wiley and Sons (2006). A reprodução do glossário para este site foi gentilmente autorizada pelo Dr. Jim Kaput.
GLOSSÁRIO
Adipogenesis - The formation of adipose tissue (fat cells). May also refer to the production of fat, either fatty degeneration or fatty infiltration.
Adipose tissue - Specialized tissue that stores fat.
Agonist - Induced Activation - For nuclear receptors, a small molecule -binds to an inactive nuclear receptor causing conformational changes that result in protein-DNA interaction, recruitment of cofactors, transcription factors ultimately leading to gene transcription. After dissociation of the agonist, the nuclear receptor may return to its inactive state.
Alleles - Alternate forms of the same gene. For organisms with two sets of chromosomes like humans, an individual can have two copies of the same allele (i.e., homozygous for the allele) or two different alleles (i.e., heterozygous for the alleles).
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) - An essential fatty acid consisting of a chain of 18-carbons with 3 double-bonds near the methyl or "omega" end of the carbon chain. ALA is an omega-3 (or n-3) fatty acid and is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA can be converted to the eicosanoids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes via cyclo-oxygenases 1 and 2 (COX1-2) and lypoxygenase (see essential fatty acids and eicosanoids).
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - A section of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) that has a subcommittee (E31) for general healthcare informatics. This E31 Subcommittee on Healthcare Informatics develops standards related to the architecture, content, storage, security, confidentiality, functionality, and communication of information used within healthcare and healthcare decision making, including patient-specific information and knowledge.
Aneuploidy - An abnormal number of chromosomes. In the case of humans, any chromosome number more or less than 46, is referred to as aneuploid condition.
Antioxidant - Chemical that inhibits oxidation and reacts with free radicals to form a harmless product. An antioxidant will have one or more unpaired electrons.
Apolipoprotein - The protein component that combines with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.
Apoptosis - Programmed cell death. A normal cellular sequence of reactions that destroys the cell without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.
Adipogenesis - The formation of adipose tissue (fat cells). May also refer to the production of fat, either fatty degeneration or fatty infiltration.
Adipose tissue - Specialized tissue that stores fat.
Agonist - Induced Activation - For nuclear receptors, a small molecule -binds to an inactive nuclear receptor causing conformational changes that result in protein-DNA interaction, recruitment of cofactors, transcription factors ultimately leading to gene transcription. After dissociation of the agonist, the nuclear receptor may return to its inactive state.
Alleles - Alternate forms of the same gene. For organisms with two sets of chromosomes like humans, an individual can have two copies of the same allele (i.e., homozygous for the allele) or two different alleles (i.e., heterozygous for the alleles).
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) - An essential fatty acid consisting of a chain of 18-carbons with 3 double-bonds near the methyl or "omega" end of the carbon chain. ALA is an omega-3 (or n-3) fatty acid and is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA can be converted to the eicosanoids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes via cyclo-oxygenases 1 and 2 (COX1-2) and lypoxygenase (see essential fatty acids and eicosanoids).
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - A section of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) that has a subcommittee (E31) for general healthcare informatics. This E31 Subcommittee on Healthcare Informatics develops standards related to the architecture, content, storage, security, confidentiality, functionality, and communication of information used within healthcare and healthcare decision making, including patient-specific information and knowledge.
Aneuploidy - An abnormal number of chromosomes. In the case of humans, any chromosome number more or less than 46, is referred to as aneuploid condition.
Antioxidant - Chemical that inhibits oxidation and reacts with free radicals to form a harmless product. An antioxidant will have one or more unpaired electrons.
Apolipoprotein - The protein component that combines with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.
Apoptosis - Programmed cell death. A normal cellular sequence of reactions that destroys the cell without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.
Nutrigenômica Brasil- Todos os Direitos Reservados- Desenvolvido por Studio Nartes